STUDY OF MICROBIAL LOADS IN WATER AND AIR SAMPLES FROM OGUN STATE DUMPSITE
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Qualitative
- Library / Doctrinal
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Background of the study
Each year, diseases linked to pollution and waste cause the deaths of almost 5.2 million people and approximately 4 million children. Any solution mixture, material, or item that is carried for reprocessing, dumping, elimination by incineration, or other ways of disposal is referred to as waste in general. Pollution is becoming a significant issue as a result of urban industry, social advancement, and population growth. The environmental effects of wastes can be terrible and damaging if they are not properly handled and disposed off. (Faith et al., 2010).
In poor nations, waste management is typically associated with land disposal or waste discharge into bodies of water. In poor nations, waste management practices are illogical and annoying to the general people; as a result, pollution is the end outcome. When wastes are carelessly deposited on land, bacteria and fungi flourish because the waste's components provide them with nutrients for growth and the degradation of the organic waste's constituents. (Funmilayo et al., 2021).
Solid waste management that is done well lessens negative effects on the environment, human health, and economic growth that enhances quality of life. Effective management of solid waste involves several different operations, including monitoring, collecting, transportation, processing, recycling, burning, landfilling, and composting. (Enerijiofi et al., 2019). Remediation of polluted places is also covered. It is critical to note that microbial activity in solid wastes that have been dumped plays a critical role in the breakdown of organic waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the abundance of varied organic matter and substrate complexity, landfills are characterized as microbial pools because different microorganisms thrive there. (Enerijiofi et al., 2019).
All life forms require water in order to survive. The three most important elements for life are air, water, and food. A week without water, fewer than five minutes without air, and around a month without food are all that humans can endure. (Funmilayo et al., 2021).
Water is used for drinking, bathing, treating illnesses, industrial processes, food processing, recreation, and other things. The cause of one-third of all intestinal infections worldwide is water borne illness.(Bikram et al., 2021.). According to conventional wisdom, drinking water should be completely free of germs; however, packaged water, which is the subject of concern, is not. Around the world, a billion people lack access to clean drinking water, and 2.6 billion lack adequate sanitation facilities. As a result, 1.8 million people per year pass away from water-related diseases, with children under the age of five being infected at a rate of 90%, primarily in developing nations. (Taiwo et al., 2012). Young children's growth and nutrition are negatively impacted by contaminated water supplies. Due to the increased demand for such water, the production of excellent water products is becoming more and more challenging. (Enerijiofi et al., 2019).
Due to variations in sociological settings, varied climatic conditions, and other localized factors prevalent all over the world, the implementation of a universal standard for drinking water is not being adhered to to the letter. However, water treatments like filtration, coagulation, and chemical treatment can be applied to enhance the quality of the end product made from the original water. (Funmilayo et al., 2021).
There are three categories of criteria for measuring water quality: physical, chemical, and microbiological. The presence of coliforms and other harmful organisms in drinking water that has undergone water treatment is a sign that the procedures have not been applied properly (Funmilayo et al., 2021). Product information, odor, and look are all investigated physically, as well as the color, turbidity, and existence of any floating particles or foreign components (Weller BF, 2009). Studies on sachet water products in Nigeria have revealed the variables that contribute to water contamination, including cutting practices, poor vendor cleanliness, a filthy atmosphere, and disregard for WHO/NAFDAC rules. (Funmilayo et al., 2021).
The MPN (Most Probable Number) approach, which assesses the mobility of water, can be used to quickly find coliform bacteria, one of the pathogens investigated by microbiological parameters that are linked to waterborne disease (Adewoye et al., 2013). Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species, viruses like hepatitis A, and protozoan parasites like Giardia lamblia are a few of the microorganisms that are considered to be contaminants. Nigeria reached a point where it was thought that sachet water was more likely to be contaminated than bottled water, which prompted NAFDAC to declare a potential "gradual" statewide ban on sachet water so that producers could begin winding down or switching to bottle packaging. (Taiwo et al., 2012).
When it comes to drinking water, there are numerous laws and standards. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), which was founded as a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health by Decree No. 15 of 1993, is responsible for monitoring such rules in Nigeria. Due to this, certain sachet water goods were improperly treated when being transformed to bottled items. Waterborne illness is the world's greatest source of morbidity and mortality, causing around 3.4 million deaths annually. (Oyedeji et al., 2010).
According to the WHO standard (from which Nigeria derived the term "drinking water quality"), the amount of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water should not exceed 10 cfu/ml, and there shouldn't be any coliform in 100 ml of water. This indicates that only a certain number of microorganisms are permitted to be present in drinking water. When heterotrophic bacteria are abundant in water products, it is a sign that improper manufacturing procedures were used during processing. Hepatitis A, cholera, typhoid, amoebiasis, botulism, shigellosis, legionellosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, etc. are diseases linked to contaminated water. (Adewoye et al., 2013)
The bacteria in the water can multiply to a point where they can become harmful due to how and where they were stored as well as during processing. This study's objective is to determine and evaluate the microbiological load of various water products offered in Ekiti State. (Funmilayo et al, 2021).
1.2 Statement of Problem
Human health is seriously threatened by the effects of pollution, and landfills that are close to residential areas have been a substantial source of pollution itself. It has been proven that these pollutants, which include solid waste, air, and water coming into touch with people, can lead to illnesses and present ongoing risks. Therefore, it is important to understand the scope of the issue and what can be done to mitigate it, but regrettably, the government is doing little to address it.
1.3 Justification
The two necessities of life that are used the most widely are water and air. In order to provide varied environments with quality water, it is important to confirm the microbiological activity of the water supply. Water that is devoid of pathogens and other organic pollutants that can be tracked to its source using its geographic surroundings is ideal for human consumption and health. To ascertain the safety of human life nearby, it is crucial to analyze the microbial activities in both water and air through microbial load activities.
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